Dai ni na aten na hpaga lam hta ra kadawn ai lam ni hpe matut manoi gram lajang ai lam ni hte, n-gun atsam, chemical industry, aerospace, etc. ni hta n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun, oxidation hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam hte hkrit hpa n-gun atsam ni hta n-gun atsam, chemical industry, aerospace, etc. ni hta ahkyak ai arung arai langai mi tai wa sai. Ndai laika hta, metallurgical heat- hpe ninghkap lu ai n-gang a madung arawn alai ni hpe sawk sagawn nna, hpaji masa hku nna jai lang ai manu hpe sawk sagawn na re.
Metallurgical heat- n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai n-gang a madung akyu gaw, shi a tsaw ai- aten kadun laman hta nga ai. Chromium, nickel, hte molybdenum zawn re ai alloying elements ni hpe jat bang ai hku nna, katsi ai n-gang gaw n-gun ja ai nbung laru a npu e n-gun ja ai oxide film hpe hpaw ya lu nna, matrix hpe grau nna oxidation galaw ai hpe hkrak hkra pat shingdang lu ai. Ga shadawn, 12% jan chromium n-gun rawng ai n-gun hpe n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun hpe n-gun jaw lu ai, 800℃jan ai grup yin hta galu kaba ai- aten galu ai hpe n-gun jaw lu ai, nickel- hta n-ga, n-gun hpe n-gun ja ai n-gun gaw, grau tsaw ai nbung laru ni hta n-gun rawng ai lam hpe makawp maga ya lu ai. Ndai lam gaw, gas turbine blade hte boiler pipe ni zawn re ai tsaw ai{12}} aten kadun laman hta grai lang ai.
Mechanical atsam marai ni hte seng nna, metallurgical heat- hpe n-gun n-gun shayawm ai n-gang gaw, microalloying hte heat treatment galaw ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ai hku nna, shi a creep hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam hpe grai kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai. Vanadium hte niobium zawn re ai microalloying elements ni hpe jat bang ai gaw, mam ni hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu nna, n-gun kaba ai shara ni hta hkaulan mam lamu ga jarit hpe pat shingdang ya lu ai majaw, arung arai ni hpe n-gun shayawm ya lu ai. 600℃hta n-gun kaba ai-end n-gun n-gun-n katsi ai n-gun hpe 600 madang hta n-gun ja ai n-gun gaw 100MPa jan du lu nna, grai sawng ai bungli galaw ai masa ni a ra kadawn ai lam ni hpe hkap la lu ai.
Process adaptability gaw metallurgical heat- hpe bai gram lajang lu ai kaga ahkyak ai lam langai mi rai nga ai. Dai ni na aten na wan wut ai hpaji masa ni hpe jai lang ai lam gaw, vacuum induction melting (VIM) hte electroslag hpe gram lajang ai (ESR) zawn re ai ni hpe jai lang ai gaw, dai arung arai hta n san seng ai lam hpe grai shayawm ya lu nna, san seng ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai. Dai aten hta, hkang zing da ai rolling hte controlled cooling (TMCP) zawn re ai rawt jat galu kaba wa ai lam ni gaw, n-gun ja ai lam hpe n-gun ja hkra galaw ya lu ai, n-gun kaba hpe n-gun ja hkra galaw ya lu ai, htunghking katsi ai{{3} hpe ninghkap lu ai n-gang a n-gun kaba ai n-gun hpe hparan ya lu ai.
Hkringmang daju gaw, grup yin hpe makawp maga ai lam hte sut masa lam ni mung, n-gun ja ai n-gun n-gun hpe ninghkap lu ai n-gang hpaji rawt jat galu kaba wa ai lam a madung lam ni rai nga ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun n rawng ai n-gun hpe n-gun shayawm ya ai, n-gun n-gun hpe n-gun shayawm ya ai. Dai hta n-ga, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun- hpe bai gram lajang nna bai jai lang mai ai, dai gaw ngang grin ai rawt jat galu kaba lam a hpaga lam hte maren rai nga ai.
Htawm hpang de, arung arai hpaji ningnan ni a n-gun n-gun yawm wa ai hte maren, metallurgical heat- hpe ninghkap lu ai n-gang gaw, grau tsaw ai nbung laru hte grau sawng ai bungli masa ni hta grau law ai atsam hpe madun dan na re, grau nna n-gun ja ai hte asak galu ai lam hta rawt jat galu kaba wa na matu, hpaga lam hte seng ai arung arai ni hpe matut nna n-gun jaw ya na re.
